Data Sources
The research traditions and frequently cited works our insight pages draw on. Individual pages list their own specific sources.
Last updated: June 30, 2026
How to read this page
Each insight page cites its own specific sources at the bottom. This page gives the wider map — the established research traditions we rely on most. These are well-known, widely taught bodies of work, not fringe claims.
Attachment and bonding
- Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss.
- Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
- Taylor, S. E., et al. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: tend-and-befriend. Psychological Review.
Relationship science
- Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1992, 2000). Marital interaction and the prediction of divorce.
- Rusbult, C. E. (1980). The investment model of commitment.
- Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process (perceived partner responsiveness).
- Christensen, A., & Heavey, C. L. (1990). Demand–withdraw communication patterns.
- Rubin, Z., Peplau, L. A., & Hill, C. T. (1981). The Boston Couples Study.
Attraction and mate preferences
- Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences (37 cultures). Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
- Eastwick, P. W., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited (speed dating). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
- Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (1986). The Passionate Love Scale.
- Aron, A., et al. The self-expansion model of love.
Emotion, gender, and well-being
- Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist.
- Levant, R. F. Work on normative male alexithymia.
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S. Research on rumination.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. Self-determination theory (autonomy, competence, relatedness).
- Waldinger, R., & Schulz, M. The Harvard Study of Adult Development.
- Neff, K. Research on self-compassion.
Communication
- Tannen, D. (1990). You Just Don't Understand (rapport-talk vs. report-talk), read alongside meta-analytic evidence of large overlap.
A note on interpretation
Citing a work does not mean we endorse every claim its author has ever made, or that the science is settled. We aim to represent the weight of the evidence and to flag where findings are debated. See our research methodology for how we weigh sources.